Evaluation of Credit Management in the Manufacturing Company

TABLE OF CONTENT Title page Approval page Dedication Acknowledgement Table of Content CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study 1.2 Purpose of the Study 1.3 Scope and Limitation of the Study 1.4 Significance of the Study 1.5 Definition of Terms CHAPTER TWO 2.0 Literature Review 2.1 Development of Credit in Business Management 2.2 Importance of Trade Credit 2.3 Review of the Related Topic 2.4 Legal Consideration for Effectiveness of Credit Control and Management 2.5 Consideration for Effectiveness of Credit Control and Management 2.6 Credit Determination Factors 2.7 Credit Costs 2.8 Risk Evaluation 2.9 Determination of Credit Limits 2.10 Collection Procedure 2.3.0 Appraisal of the Efficacy of Credit Control and Managements†¦show more content†¦Minimization of bad debts and other cost as well as ensuring liquidity at all times. 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The concept of credit management has been in practices for many decades, the granting of credit then was highly primitive The development of credit management is traceable to the Holy Bible, in the book of St. Luke 19 Vs 12-26, where Jesus Christ teaches the parable of the unfaithful servant. He taught them of a credit facility for them to trade with in an attempt to go into a far country to receive for himself a kingdom These ten servants are expected to trade with money advanced to them and make return of both the principal and interest. The latest development to academic interest is credit management is ascribed 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY In order to provide a useful credit transaction is a business organization, we need sometimes of keeping tract of the daily credit activities and summarizing the outcome in the accounting reports of control should be incorporated into all operate in relation to its benefits without such control. 1.3 OBJECTIVES The main objective of this study will be to examined chow credit sales health, growth and continuity of Lever Brothers Nigeria Plc, Lagos and to offer suggestion where the system appears defective Specifically , this study will among other things i. Highlight the methodology of credit management in the company; ii. 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The Theory Of The Mind Body Problem - 2474 Words

Sonya Cronkrite PHI 344 June 21, 2016 The Mind- Body Problem The mind-body problem is the dilemma of explaining how mental states, events, and processes are related to physical states, events, and processes, given that the human body is a physical thing and the mind is not physical. How does the mind associate with the body if they are not considered the same entities? In this essay I will attempt to persuade you that the mind and the body operate together, one having an effect on the other. For me to do that, first I will consider substance dualism. Next, I will explore Behaviorism. Finally, I will turn to my personal belief that the mind, body, and spirit are all connected. There is no way to reduce a person to one single part.†¦show more content†¦Physical processes are things that are extended in space. Being skinny, weighing 200 pounds, cutting your finger, or singing are things that are examples. The mind/body problem questions how mental processes such as wanting to go to sleep be causally relevant to the behavior of the body. How can something I think about cause my body to react? There appears to be an explanatory gap between consciousness and the physical realm. There does not seems to be an explanation that is suited as satisfactory to explain if there is a meeting point between the mind and the body, and is there is what would that be? Our bodies can effect our mind. If we take drugs, they do something to us physically that effect the brain. Our minds can effect our body. If we think we are bored, we may do something to excite us. There have been many theories presented that may potentially answer this problem, but there has not yet been a universally accepted solution that can possibly answer the nature of our existence. SECTION TWO: THEORIES Since we have presented the mind/body problem, we can continue on by examining some of the proposed solutions. This section will focus on the idea of Substance Dualism and Behaviorism. Rene Descartes introduced a possible solution to the mind/body problem through substance dualism. In this view, the mind and the body are composed of two

Torts Memo Free Essays

George sued Jerry under a theory of intentional infliction of emotional distress, alleging various grievances. Jerry has moved to dismiss the complaint on the grounds that even if everything George alleges in the complaint is true, George has failed to allege an adequate basis for liability under a theory of intentional infliction of emotional distress. The issue at hand is should the court deny the motion to dismiss. We will write a custom essay sample on Torts Memo or any similar topic only for you Order Now The essential elements of an action for intentional infliction of emotional distress in North Carolina are 1) extreme and outrageous conduct by the defendant 2) which is intended to and does in fact cause 3) severe emotional distress. Extreme and outrageous conduct is conduct which exceeds all bounds usually tolerated by decent society. In Stanback v. Stanback, 297 N. C. 181, 204 (N. C. 1979), the courts ruled: â€Å"Although we find error in the grounds on which the Court of Appeals affirmed the dismissal of plaintiff’s Count Number II, we nevertheless affirm the dismissal on other grounds. The requirement that plaintiff in a malicious prosecution action based on a prior civil proceeding show some special damage resulting therefrom, as discussed supra, is an essential, substantive element of the claim. † In Hogan v. Forsyth Country Club Co. , 317 N. C. 334, 346 S. E. 2d 141 (1986), the court decided: â€Å"We hold Pfeiffer’s conduct, as shown by Hogan’s forecast of evidence, was not such as to be reasonably regarded as â€Å"extreme and outrageous† so as to permit Hogan to recover for intentional infliction of mental distress. The facts in this case are similar to Hogan. The courts ruled that the facts in Hogan did not meet the standards for intentional infliction of emotional distress set in Stanback, and decided for the defendant. Both decisions state clearly that there must be some sort of special damage and that the damage must be â€Å"extreme and outrageous. † It is my opinion that the courts approve Jerry’s motion to dism iss as the facts in this case do not meet the North Carolina standard for the infliction of emotional distress. How to cite Torts Memo, Essay examples

Environmental Policy Development

Question: Discuss about theEnvironmental Policy Development. Answer: The central point of the paper is to understand the contrary views on the gradual process of various developments of policies for better environment. The subject of policy cycle is huge and it provides a vast challenge to the policy makers in order to save the environment from its current situation (Bridgman and Davis 2003). The focus of the article is think beyond in order to illustrate the fundamental limit of the approach to the policy cycle. The most interesting part of these articles is the roles and responsibilities of policy maker for providing a perfect meaningful and succinct guidance. Yes, I do agree with author of these articles of policy cycles as all of these articles are closely related to make sense of various policy processes without creating any kind of confusion. These articles explain that there is no availability of exact policy model for the development (Althaus et al. 2007). Even a fixed policy model cannot claim the universal application, this point is somewhat surprising as in todays technological world, and the policy makers are unable to make an established policy for overall improvement. The major questions the article raise in mind are what are the potential barriers that preventing the policy maker to create affixed policy? What are the choices of the management of policy makers after taking relevant decisions? I need further information on the responsibilities of the government in the process of policymaking. References Althaus, C., Bridgman, P. and Davis, G. 2007. The Australian Policy Handbook, Crows Nest NSW, Allen Unwin (Ch 3) Bridgman, P. and G. Davis 2003. What Use is a Policy Cycle? Plenty, if the Aim is Clear. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 62, 98-102.

Dangerous Business Response Essay Example

Dangerous Business Response Essay Dangerous Business Response I thought that the dangerous business video effectively spotlighted the varying approaches different companies use with regard to workplace and employee safety, and general ethical practices and dealings. I found the occurrences at McWane Incorporation to be quite fascinating, as I had no idea that some company’s workplace conditions were still so horrible in the United States today. I found it amazing that McWane was basically able to circumvent the law by barely meeting necessary standards, and by barely doing what they need to do to avoid heavy liabilities. Practices like those of Mcwane’s bring in to question whether sacrificing basic human safety in the way that Mcwane does is actually profitable. Well it is clear that for the economy as a whole that Mcwane’s, as well as there subsidiaries such as Tyler Pipe’s actions are quite detrimental. While their practices might help improve their bottom line, along they way they have destroyed lives and families, ultimately hurting the work force. While the practices and decision-making of McWane Incorporation are highly unethical, whether or not they should be allowed to do what they are doing is an entirely different question. We will write a custom essay sample on Dangerous Business Response specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Dangerous Business Response specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Dangerous Business Response specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I understand the approach taken by McWane executives: do whatever is necessary to turn a profit. When you think about the risks and competition associated with the business world today, this ideology and reasoning seems to be sound, however this does not take into consideration the long term and far reaching effects of neglecting the environment and basic human safety needs. Business managers today are under a lot of pressure to make their companies profitable by any means necessary, which is evident by Mcwane’s Discipline Management Practices. On the whole my main issue with McWane is that I believe that they could change their business practices and move to become a more ethically sound business, and still remain just as profitable. I would not have as much of an issue with their approach if it really truly was the most efficient and profitable way to run a business. However, when you look at the practices and successes of the American Cast Iron Pipe Company, is it very clear that this is not the case. The American Cast Iron Pipe Co. uns business in the same industry as Tyler Pipe, and uses similar equipment and machinery for many of their operations. The difference between the two companies is that Cast Iron Pipe Co. is able to run a profitable business and at the same time maintain a safe workplace and clean environmental record. Cast Iron also does not engage in some of the unethical practices of Tyler such as targeting ex-cons for employment to help offset turnover issues, or sending injured workers to incompetent med ical clinics. I feel like doing things such as improving the workplace and treating the environment better attract more workers, and also happier workers. Because more people want to work for ethical businesses like Cast Iron that run their business based on the Golden Rule, those companies have access to better employees. Also, those employees working for a company like Cast Iron Pipe are likely to do a better job because they are happier and have a sense of security. All in all â€Å"Dangerous Business† shows that cutting back on employee and workplace safety spending, and trying to save money by meeting the bare minimum environmental standards does not ultimately help a company, as these decisions have far reaching internal effects. Plain and simple unhappy employees who feel unsafe at work are not going to work up to their maximum potential because they are unhappy. I think that there should be stricter standards and penalties for unethical business practices, and I think there needs to be more enforcement of the laws.

15 Hilarious Pranks to Pull on College Friends

15 Hilarious Pranks to Pull on College Friends Oh Lord, there are so many hilarious pranks to pull on college friends. Listen, if you’re looking for prank ideas and don’t want to get sucked into hours of prank videos, this article is for you. Here are 15 that you can always count on, as long as they go off without a hitch and are executed safely. #1 Tape the Contents of Their Trash to Their Door Make a statement. You can find out a fair amount about a person by exposing their trash. Go into their room, especially if they’re super-messy and tape everything (within reason of course) that’s trash onto their door and let them know it’s time to clean up! #2 Fill Their Dorm Room with Popcorn This is a cheap and easy trick. Making it goes really quick and you can easily fill an entire dorm room with only about 8 or 9 bags which cost maybe $2 each. Transporting it is easy as well†¦.industrial-sized trash bags. The trick is that ideally you should be able to leave the room through the window so you can make the popcorn 5 feet tall (or more)! #3 Put a Dead Thing in Their Cereal No, not a real dead thing, but a realistic looking one. It’s not over-the-top but it works (especially on girls) you could either big a furry spider in there of substantial size, a small snake, or perhaps even a rate. #4 Change Their Computer Log-In Sounds This is truly legendary. If you can get their log in information, or get into the computer while they’re away change the log-in sound to something crazy. Anything from a full-on gun fight to a ground shaking explosion with screams of terror. Then, turn their sound system up super-loud (not so loud you blow speakers) so that the next time they expect to hear some pleasant sound suddenly they’re under siege and could potential crap themselves. #5 The Almighty Soda Bomb Mentos are pretty old. But, what you do is put a tiny hole through one, latch it onto a string and then drop it into a big bottle of soda and close the cap tightly. Simply put it back in the fridge and wait. The next person who opens that will be bombarded with fizz and syrup unlike anything they’ve ever experienced before. #6 Butter Tiles Again, cheap and easy but effective. If you have any tiles, butter them up and then wait because regardless of what kind cleats someone may be wearing they’re going to end up on their butt. Really good for roommates or college friends with hard wood floors. # 7 Completely Cover them in Flour While they Sleep Don’t pour it on so they wake up. No, instead grab like 10 bags of flour (that’s a pretty hefty clean up job remember) and slowly stealth fully cover your college buddy while they sleep. Flour is actually quite comfortable. #8 Early Alarm + Flattened Tires They’re the type of person that jet’s out of bed last minute, scrambles onto their bikes and heads off to class. Okay, so set the alarm an hour ahead of schedule (and any other clocks in the room along with it) and then flatten the tires so they think they’re going to be late. #9 Put a Fake Person In their Bed Get a realistic looking mannequin and sneak them into bed next to someone. Making the mannequin’s face scary is a bonus. They could wake up in the night screaming, or they could wake up in the morning to an unexpected stranger. Hilarious. #10 Opposite Side Switch This one doesn’t make a mess, it’s free and it’s funny. While they’re away at class sneak into their room and switch everything to the opposite side so it’s a perfect match. Then, when they bring it to your attention, seriously act as if they’re nuts and it’s been that way the whole time. If you can hold your composure it will play an epic mind prank on them. #11 Early Morning Shower Prank Simply sneak into the dorm shower while they’re getting ready for another day of collegiate labor and steal their towel and clothes so they will have no other option but to grab the shower curtain. However, this may not occur to them for some time. #12-   Shaving Cream Floor Cover the floor, completely, in fragrant shaving cream. Super cheap, and not as hard to clean up. #13 Wrapping Paper Room Grab some festive wrapping paper and thoroughly set about wrapping their entire room in it. Even if it takes 10 rolls, that’s probably only $20 to do a full single dorm room. #14 Pubic Hair + Superglue Seriously, if they have a problem cleaning up their pubes, then (with gloves on) grab a bunch of the stuff and super clue it to something that’s valuable enough to them that they’ll get the point. #15 Wake Up in Unexpected Places If they’re a heavy sleeper or utterly passed out, have them wake up in a strange place. This is so awesome when pulled off correctly. We had to boil it down to these because there are hundreds of pranks out there. But, with a little creativity you could come up with just about anything. Check out even more cruel but funny roommate pranks! How about it gang, what kinds of pranks have you played on college friends that they’ll never forget?

A close reading of a fiction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A close reading of a fiction - Essay Example Sensibly saying, his family and society had affected his style to evolve imaginative provocation in most of his literary works. ‘The Metamorphosis’ is focused at the terrific change that occurs to the protagonist Gregor Samsa, a traveling salesman. One morning he finds himself astonishingly changed into a strange large insect. His ambush was more about finding himself more hopelessly unable to continue with his sales work than mere physical change. He was the only financial support for the family and the happiness of the family depended much on his ability to work. His new look terrifies his employer who runs way at his very sight. The family now controls his motions or calls him with ‘Shooos’ rather than his name. His room has become his hiding place. He develops fears of a cockroach like being stamped by people or attacked by cats or other animals. His sister Grete, however, feeds him with milk and stale, rotten fruits or remains of edible things. He manages to remain affectionate to his family members and hides himself behind the sofa or bed whenever someone enters his room. Now his only amusement in the loneliness is looking out through the windows and crawling up on the walls and ceiling. In the mean time, the family lets out a portion to lodgers and Gregor’s room changes into a dumping area for unwanted things. He then realizes that he was no more Gregor and that he should leave the family for their better prospects. Gregor, utterly dejected to stay longer, dies in his room. The family upon finding his corpse feels relieved of a great burden and starts planning for the future. The family improves their living standards and shifts to a smaller flat to delete the memories of Gregor. The dà ©nouement (The resolution of the plot of a literary work) of this work is of a mixed trend. The narration changes the denouement with the development of the story. A person loved very much by the

Labor Relations Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Labor Relations - Case Study Example In the second instance, the teacher reportedly lied in response to certain queries while being investigated. Lying is reported in response to queries over the copying and distribution of sheets as well as in response to queries over his relationship to a member of the African American community in school. The findings of the school board concluded that Daniel W. Burrell had lied under oath and this mandated that he be removed from service immediately. The Board’s position on the matter of distributing racially oriented jokes is also highly clear and the Board holds that Mr. Burrell had violated his responsibilities and associated expectations by the distribution. Moreover, Mr. Burrell was furnished with due process of law before dismissal in line with concerned laws over teacher’s rights. Therefore, there is little doubt that the proceedings of this case were carried out by the book in letter and spirit. A look at the relevant laws affirms such view points. Under law, a teacher may be dismissed from service for immoral conduct, incompetence, neglect of duty, substantial non compliance with school laws and fraud or misrepresentation amongst other things. Being a teacher, Mr. Burrell is supposed to serve as a beacon and as a role model to the community in general and to his students in particular. However, the distribution of racially discriminatory material is unjustifiable even if humour is speculated. Furthermore, under his freedom to teach Mr. Burrell could expose students to new streams of thought by using racial or otherwise socially compromising material but the racially centred jokes do not constitute such an intention. Therefore, the distribution of racially centred jokes through personal initiative has nothing to do with Mr. Burrell’s professional responsibilities. Instead, such behaviour deserves discouragement at an official level. Mr. Burrell had the

Evolution of Life in Prisons Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evolution of Life in Prisons - Research Paper Example However, the male and female prisoners were kept in the same area, although housed in different dorms. The women were normally kept in attics and were subject to sexual abuse. Historical studies done by Johnson, Dobrzanska, Palla (2005), show that due to shortcomings of the Congregate System in terms of rehabilitating the prisoners, the format was discontinued in order to try out the Reformatory era of prisons. During this era, men were taught skills and educated in classes which would help them become better citizens upon leaving prison. Military drills were part of their daily training in an effort to create gentlemen out of the convicts. While women were educated in decorum and housework in preparation of what was then deemed to be the proper role of women in society. (p. 6) The 20th century saw the advent of the so called â€Å"Big-House†, a place where the punishment or work assigned to the prisoners did nothing to help redeem their soul or place in society. Instead, it w as a place where men were made to do empty jobs just to show that their spirits had been broken and that they were now submissive to those running the prison. This was the era when â€Å"Chain Gangs† became known as the term for prisoners and they were used mostly in the government construction field. This type of prison became the norm in the 1930's. Any prisoner who found himself out of line was given Corporal Punishment. Although much stricter than a penitentiary, the Big House was seen as more lenient and effective in reforming the prisoners since they had a wider sense of freedom in the Big House set up. (p.9) In the modern times, prisons came to be known as Correctional Institutions and function far differently from their early counterparts. According to Pearson (2009) , modern prisons are actually mini communities that function by their own set of rules and regulations independent of the prison laws. Male and female prisoners now exhibit a distinct lifestyle and values system which helps them adapt to life outside of the world they once knew. (p.2) It was only 30 years ago when the penal system of America came to the realization that the old way of treating prisoners was not effective in any way due to the disconnect between the prisoners, the prison administration, and the outside world. Mark Saunders, the warden of the Southeast Correctional Institution in Ohio wrote (2006), that the modern prison system works with the prisoners in order to help them become educated, trained, and motivated to change their ways. No longer are prisons expected to simply be the holding place for societies problem members. These days, prisons are expected to impact the lives of the male and female prisoners positively. Prisoners need to adjust psychologically to their prison lives. according to psychologist Robert Morgan, PhD (2003), requires the help of prison psychologists to overcome. He explains that â€Å""There's a great need for these folks to receive psych ological services ...†. According to Pearson (2006), they now need to â€Å"learn convict values, roles, attitude, and language in order to survive the prison subculture† (p.4) Prisoners quickly learn that in order to to evolve and survive in their new atomosphere they must abide by the 5 Elements of the Prison Code namely: 1. Don't interfere with the interests of other inmates - don't rat on others 2. Play it cool - do your own time 3. Don't whine - be a man / woman 4. Don't exploit inmates - don't break your word 5.

History and Types of Microscopes

History and Types of Microscopes What is a microscope? There is so many little objects that human eyes cant be able to see. The microscope is a tool to see minute objects consisting of lens or combination of lenses[1]. Due to their highly-improved lenses, we can observe high-quality images and these days this images can be transferred to computers. Todays microscopes are so advanced that they can show objects which are sized of the millionth part of a meter called micron[2]. The science of searching small objects with microscopes is called microscopy. Microscopic means that impossible to see, without a help of a microscope, with a naked eye[3]. History of Microscope After the glass is first made in the first century, Romans was trying to make objects to be seen bigger. The first and simple forms were called flea glasses and they were able to show 6 times bigger[4]. The microscope is developed in Netherlands at the 1590s but its inventor is not easy to identify. Some proofs are leading to Cornelis Drebbel[5]. But others insist that Zacharias Jansen and his father Hans were working with lenses, they combined some lenses and put them into a tube and invented the microscope. Few others believed that Galileo Galilei was the first discoverer of microscope[6]. First microscopes were not good enough to use at researches because it can only enlarge by 9 times bigger[7]. First, the real microscope was used by Anton van Leeuwenhoek in the late 17th century which was made by pipes, simple lens, plate and screw(Figure1). Figure 1 Unlike the others, his microscope could show objects one-millionth of a meter bigger of its sizes(270x). Others best achievement was 50x magnification. With this microscope, he saw and identified bacteria, erythrocyte, and sperm cells. He published their drawings on Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London at 1674.These drawings were forgotten until there were huge developments in science[8]. In 1665 Van Leeuwenhoeks work was a guide to Robert Hooke and he wrote Micrographia. It is the first book that provides microscopic pictures of insects, plants etc.   [9] (Figure 2). Figure 2-Drawing of an insect by Robert Hooke[10] After 200 years from Robert Hooke, German engineer called Carl Zeiss improved lenses of the microscope and he established a company named Zeiss. After that, he hired Ernst Abbe to the company. Abbe improved the microscopes and lenses[11]. Types of microscopes Stereoscope Dissection microscope is used with visible light. It is used to see dissection better. It has 3-dimensional images and it has low magnification. Figure 3 earthworm captured by Stereoscope Confocal Microscope Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) plays the most significant role on imaging tiny samples in three-dimensional form. CLSM works like an optical microscope with some differences. It uses monochromatic laser light instead of visible light [12].CLSM has widely used from cell biology, genetics, microbiology and development biology to quantum optics, nanocrystal imaging and spectroscopy[13]. History of Confocal Microscope Early in 1940, Hans Goldmann from Switzerland invented a slit lamp to make documentation of eye examinations. Some researchers believe it might be first confocal optical system [14]. Marvin Minsky invented first confocal scanning microscope in 1955 and in 1957 got its patent. Figure 4: Marvin Minskys patent application that shows the principle of CLSM [15]. By moving the stage, illumination point in focal plane could be scanned [16]. In 1969 M. David Egger and Paul Davidovits described the first CLSM in two pages and published. Only one illumination spot generated with this point scanner. It was used for the imaging of the nerve tissue [17, 18]. In 1983 confocal microscope was first used and controlled by a computer after the publication of first work by I. J. Cox and C. Sheppard from Oxford University. Based on Oxford groups designs, first CLSM was offered from 1982 [19]. At the Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, William Bradshaw Amos and John Graham White and colleagues invented the first confocal beam scanning microscope in the middle of 1980s.This time the illumination spot was moving but not the stage. This technique allowed faster image acquisition, four images per second [20]. Working Principle of Confocal Microscope For getting higher intensities a laser is used. The laser light reflects from the dichroic mirror. After that it hits mirrors on motors and across the sample lasers get scanned by these mirrors. And emitted light passes through the dichroic mirror and gets focused onto pinhole. Finally, the detector measures that light. As it appears the complete image of the sample cannot be observed just one point can be observed. The photomultiplier detector is connected to a computer and one pixel at a time it builds an image [21]. Figure 5: Principal Light Pathways in Confocal Microscopy [22]. What is the advantage of using a confocal microscope? By scanning lots of thin parts of a sample, it is easy to build a very good three-dimensional image. Confocal microscope has better resolution horizontally and vertically. The best resolution can be obtained at 0.2 microns for horizontal and 0.5 microns for vertical [23]. Examples There are some examples of imaging with the confocal microscope.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Figure 6: Nematode. Miami University in Oxford, Ohio [24]. Figure 7 : Example image of confocal microscope [25]. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) SEM is an electron microscope that uses the focused beam of electrons to images of the sample. Electrons interact with atoms in the sample and gives information about external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample [26].A beam of electrons uses raster scan pattern which is a rectangular pattern of an image and reconstruction in the screen. Most computers use bitmap image systems to store the image [27]. The image is created by matching the position with the perceived signal. SEM can get better than 1 nm resolution. Standard SEM microscopes are generally suitable for dry and conductive surfaces in high vacuum. Also, there are specialized machines that work under changeable conditions from low temperature to high temperature and in low vacuum. There is environmental SEM for wet conditions. McMullan presented the history of SEM [28]. Manfred von Ardenne invented SEM in 1937. In the early 1960s, Cambridge groups marketed as Stereoscan in 1965[28, 29]. After interaction of high energized beam of electrons and outer orbit electrons of samples atoms Auger electrons which have low electrons will be formed. These electrons carry information about sample surface.After interactions, there will be electron beams which have lower energy, move to the surface of the sample and will gather there.These electrons called as secondary electrons. For imaging for SEM, mostly secondary electrons are being used. Change of secondary electrons numbers depends on the topography of surface and angle of the point where the beam hits the surface [30]. Figure 7: Blood image by SEM [31]. Transmission Electron Microscope High energized electrons pass through the very thin sample. After interaction of electrons, images are enlarged and focused on fluorescence screen, photographic film layer or CCD camera [32]. In 1930 Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska invented TEM [33]. It allows us to see smaller objects than the optical microscope. TEM is used in cancer research, virology, materials science, nanotechnology, and semiconductor. TEMs contrast depends on absorption of electrons, thickness, and composition of the sample. Complex wave interactions at higher magnifications modulate the intensity of the image with analysis of an expert for the image. The resolution limit is up to 0.2 nm for TEM. Compared to SEM, TEM has troublesome work to get the sample ready and the user must have a very good background about it [34]. Figure 8: Example of TEM of a plant cell [35]. Compound Light Microscopes Compound microscopes are 2-dimensional light microscopes and they are most used microscopes. Even though it has low resolution it has high magnification. Figure 9-meiosis seen by compound microscope[36]. Figure 10-Microscope view of plant cells[37]. Parts of Optical Microscope Figure 10 Parts of a microscope[38] Eyepiece Lens: The lens that allows us to see through. Tubes: It helps eyepiece to connect to lenses. Arm: Holds the tube. Base: Supports the microscope at the bottom. Illuminator: Light source or a mirror that helps us to see a sample from the tube. If it is a mirror it can reflect outer light to use. Stage: This platform is used to put samples and it has clips to prevent the sample from moving. Revolving Nosepiece or Turret: This part is for holding lenses together and it can rotate to switch between lenses. Objective Lenses: These lenses are most commonly can be put three or four lenses on the microscope. They have 4,10,40 or 100 times bigger magnification. They are color coded and should build to DIN standards. Rack Stop: It is used to protect the objective lens from breaking[39]. DIN Standards The real image is formed 160mm away from the objective lens. Parfocal distance should be 45 mm. Eyepiece lens should be 170mm[40]. Working Principle of Optical Microscope Figure 11 [41] As shown in Figure 9 light starts its journey from illuminator and with a mirror it reaches to sample. Then it goes to prism through objective lenses. It reflects from the prism and comes to eye in the tube.   When light passes through the objective lens makes the image of sample bigger and focuses 160 mm inside the tube and then ocular lenses magnifies the image of sample 25cm away from the eye. This image is a virtual image of the sample (Figure 10). Typical microscopes have four different objective lenses. Scanning (5x), low power(10x), medium power (20x) and high power lenses (40x). We can easily calculate the magnifying of the microscope with multiplying objective lens and ocular lens. For example, after image magnified by objective lenses 40 times of original image of the sample, will magnify second time 20 times bigger by ocular lenses. So, our eye can see 4020=800 times bigger image of an original image of the sample. Figure 12 [42] Differences Between Electron and Light Microscope Light microscopes techniques are simple but for electron microscope high-level technical skill needed. Preparation time of the sample is few minutes to few hours for light microscopes but several days for electron microscopes. Live or dead samples can be seen in light microscopes but for electron microscopes only dead and dried samples can be seen. Light microscopes have low resolution than electron microscope and the resolution limit for the light microscope is 200 nm but for SEM 1nm and for TEM 0.2 nm. Light rays are used to illuminate for light microscope but for electron microscope electrons are being used. Lenses are made of glass for light microscope but for electron microscope all lenses are electromagnets. Magnification of light microscope is 500x to 1500x but for EM 160,000x and photographic magnification is 1000,000x or more. Light microscopes are cheap but electron microscopes are expensive [43]. Calculation of Resolution If we want to get good details of very small objects like cells, we need to increase the resolution. It can be described as to see different between two small and very near objects. It can be affected of the wavelength of light and power of lenses. Mathematical formula of separating two different small objects which have the smallest distance (dmin); Dmin = 1.22 x wavelength / N.A. objective + N.A. condenser Different then the theoretical power, in practice samples quality affects its resolving power[44]. Definition of Numerical Aperture(N.A.) is a value of objectives defined by Abbe. Numerical Aperture (NA)=n-sin( µ) or n-sin(ÃŽ ±) Figure 13 Numerical Aperture As shown in Figure 11 light waves go through a sample to the objective lens. But when it comes to practice it is nearly impossible to get the value of aperture above 0.95 with dry objective lenses. When the light cones get the bigger degree of ÃŽ ± starts to increase from 7 to 60 and N.A. increases from 0.12 to 0.87. In todays world, it is possible to use alternative media to make images in water (refractive index = 1.33), glycerin (refractive index = 1.47), and immersion oil (refractive index = 1.51) by the objective lens. We can clearly see Figure 12 and Table 1; highly corrected objectives have bigger N.A. Figure 14 Table 1 Numerical Aperture versus Optical Correction[45] There is a limit of resolution in optical microscopes as shown below; Let N.A. be 1.4 and resolution is different for lights wavelength. A minimum distance of two points of the image is 0.61 ÃŽ »/N.A. As we know visible light wavelength is between 400-700 nm. There will be no resolution between two objects if distance is 1/3 ÃŽ ». If we choose green light ÃŽ » = 500nm and r=0.61 x 500nm / 1.4 =218 nm. If we choose blue light ÃŽ » = 400nm and r=0.61 x 400nm / 1.4 =174 nm. If we choose green light ÃŽ » = 700nm and r=0.61 x 700nm / 1.4 =305 nm[46]. Diffraction Limit of Electron Microscope Electron microscope has diffraction limit and it is 1nm for SEM, 0.3nm for TEM. This limit occurs because of wave nature of electrons. Electrons has a phenomenon called wave-particle duality. Particle of matter (incident electron) can be explained as wave. We can assimilate to sound or water waves. Louis de Broglie says that the wavelength of a particle can be calculated as following formula: ÃŽ »=h/p ÃŽ »: wavelength of a particle h: Plancks constant (62610-34) p: momentum of a particle Momentum is the product of mass and the velocity of a particle and equation can be written as; ÃŽ »= h / mv Accelerating voltage determines the velocity of the electrons we can use following formula; eV = mv2/2 We can calculate the velocity of electrons by; Due to these formulae, we can show the wavelength of propagating electrons at a given accelerating voltage; Since the mass of an electron is 9.1 x 10-31 kg and e = 1.6 x 10-19; So, the wavelength of electrons is 3.88pm when the microscope is operating at 100 keV, 2.74 pm at 200 keV, and 2.24 pm at 300 keV. We know electrons in an electron microscope reach %70 of speed of the light wit accelerating voltage of 200 keV, there are effects which are significant length contraction, time dilation, and an increase in mass. By these changes; c: speed of the light (299 792 458 mps) So, wavelength of an electron at 100 keV, 200 keV, 300 keV in electron microscopes is 3.70 pm ,2.51 pm, and 1.96 pm, respectively [47]. Another reason for limitation for TEM is, sample transparency has to be proper for electron transparency. To be more precise its thickness has to be 100nm or less. Electrons can be deflected in magnetic fields by the Lorentz force. This problem may make crystal structure determination virtually impossible [48, 49]. Diffraction Limit of Optical Microscope There is a limit for imaging with an optical microscope called Abbe diffraction limit. This limit is ÃŽ »/2(ÃŽ » is imaging radiations free-space wavelength) [50]. Modern works show us that this limit can be passed and can make optical microscopes lenses to have a high resolution[51]. But with diffraction limit even though the lens is corrected there will be blur image of the point. This called Airy disk or diffraction. British mathematician Lord George Biddel Airy has found it. We can see its cross section and appearance below (Figure 13). Figure 15 Diameter of the disk is; Bdiff =2.44 ÃŽ » (f/#)[52] With f/# limitation can be controlled and wavelength of the light. The maximum resolving power of the lens is determined by this limitation. If we want to calculate diffraction limit we can use following formula; If we reach the limit lens will become unable to resolve greater frequencies. In theory, if the contrast is %0 the diffraction limit will appear to be as shown in Table 2 at different f/#s for 0.520 ÃŽ ¼m light as known as green light. Table 2[53] Different Ways to Break Resolution Limit of Optical Microscope There are several ways to break resolution limit of optical microscope. To do that researchers change lenses or different parts of microscopes. Here are some examples: By employing stimulated emission to inhibit the fluorescence process in the outer regions of the excitation point-spread function[54]. By using laterally structured illumination in a wide-field, non-confocal microscope(This method claims that spatially structured excitation light illuminates the sample) [55]. By improving the lenses with ZrO2. Synthesis of ZrO2 Nanoparticles Zirconium(IV) isopropoxide−2-propanol complex (5.6 g) and anhydrous benzyl alcohol (55mL) were charged into a 100 mL Teflon-lined autoclave. This Teflon-lined autoclave was sealed and placed into an oven at 240  °C for 4 days and then cooled to obtain a white turbid suspension. [56]. Figure 16[57]. Figure 16 is a schematic of hSIL integrated with an Olympus optical microscope for super-resolution imaging of the underlying nanopattern. The hSIL collects near-field information on the nanopattern and forms a virtual image that can be captured by the objective lens[57]. Figure 17 -Super-resolution optical imaging through hSIL on 45 nm gaps. SEM images of the chip with periodic structures of 50 nm gaps (a) and the gold-coated chip with 45 nm gaps (b). (c, d) Optical images of the chip with 50 nm gaps under white and filtered blue light (ÃŽ »max ≈ 470 nm) without SILs. (e1, e2) Optical images of the chip with hSIL of h/d = 0.8 (d = 11.5 ÃŽ ¼m). (f1, f2) Optical images of the gold-coated chips through SIL of h/d = 0.78 (d = 10.5 ÃŽ ¼m) and (g1, g2) with hSIL of higher h/d = 0.84 (d = 11.3 ÃŽ ¼m). Optical images of e1−g1 and e2−g2 were taken under white light and filtered blue light, respectively. The corresponding image magnification factors of e2, f2, and g2 are 3.1, 2.9, and 3.6. The scale bars for e1−g2 are the same as that of c[58]. References: 1.http://www.life.umd.edu/cbmg/faculty/wolniak/wolniakmicro.html 2.http://www.kurallarinelerdir.com/2016/04/mikroskop-nedir-mikroskobun-tarihi.html 3.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscope 4.http://www.history-of-the-microscope.org/history-of-the-microscope-who-invented-the-microscope.php 5.Albert Van Helden, S.D., Rob Van Gent, Huib Zuidervaart, The Origins of the Telescope. 2010. 6.Jay, S., Chapter 2: The Sharp-Eyed Lynx, Outfoxed by Nature. The Lying Stones of Marrakech: Penultimate Reflections in Natural History, 2000. 7.http://kanbilim.com/?p=193 8.http://www.history-of-the-microscope.org/history-of-the-microscope-who-invented-the-microscope.php 9.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrographia 10.http://www.bl.uk/learning/timeline/large107702.html 11.http://www.zeiss.com/corporate/int/history/founders.html 12.Littlejohn, G.R., et al., Perfluorodecalin enhances in vivo confocal microscopy resolution of Arabidopsis thaliana mesophyll. New Phytologist, 2010. 186(4): p. 1018-1025. 13.Hoffman, A., et al., Confocal laser endomicroscopy: technical status and current indications. Endoscopy, 2006. 38(12): p. 1275-1283. 14.Goldmann, H., Spaltlampenphotographie und photometric. Ophthalmologica, 1939. 98(5-6): p. 257-270. 15.Minsky, M., Microscopy Apparatus. US Patent 1961. 3.013.467. 16.Minsky, M., Memoir on inventing the confocal scanning microscope. Scanning, 1988. 10(4): p. 128-138. 17.Davidovits, P. and M.D. Egger, Scanning Laser Microscope. Nature, 1969. 223(5208): p. 831-831. 18.Davidovits, P. and M.D. Egger, Scanning Laser Microscope for Biological Investigations. Applied Optics, 1971. 10(7): p. 1615-1619. 19.Cox, I.J. and C.J.R. Sheppard, Scanning optical microscope incorporating a digital framestore and microcomputer. Applied Optics, 1983. 22(10): p. 1474-1478. 20.White, J.G., W.B. Amos, and M. Fordham, An evaluation of confocal versus conventional imaging of biological structures by fluorescence light microscopy. The Journal of Cell Biology, 1987. 105(1): p. 41-48. 21.http://www.physics.emory.edu/faculty/weeks//confocal/ 22.https://www.microscopyu.com/techniques/confocal/introductory-confocal-concepts 23.Prasad, V., D. Semwogerere, and R.W. Eric, Confocal microscopy of colloids. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 2007. 19(11): p. 113102. 24.http://www.cas.miamioh.edu/mbi-ws/microscopes/confocal.html 25.http://depts.washington.edu/keck/intro.htm 26.http://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/techniques/SEM.html 27.Leblanc, M., Etude sur la transmission à ©lectrique des impressions lumineuses. La Lumià ¨re à ©lectrique, 1880. 28.McMullan, D. An improved scanning electron microscope for opaque specimens. Proceedings of the IEE Part II: Power Engineering, 1953. 100, 245-256. 29.von Ardenne, M., Das Elektronen-Rastermikroskop. Zeitschrift fà ¼r Physik, 1938. 109(9): p. 553-572. 30.Smith, K.C.A. and C.W. Oatley, The scanning electron microscope and its fields of application. British Journal of Applied Physics, 1955. 6(11): p. 391. 31.http://metassoc.com/services/scanning-electron-microscopy/sem-eds-application-examples/ 32.Crewe, A.V., J. Wall, and J. Langmore, Visibility of Single Atoms. Science, 1970. 168(3937): p. 1338-1340. 33.http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1986/perspectives.html 34.Meyer, J.C., et al., Imaging and dynamics of light atoms and molecules on graphene. Nature, 2008. 454(7202): p. 319-322. 35.http://www.vcbio.science.ru.nl/en/image-gallery/electron/ 36.http://www.cas.miamioh.edu/mbi-ws/microscopes/types.html 37.http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/640xn/p023r74v.jpg 38.http://www.microscope-microscope.org/basic/microscope-parts.htm 39.http://www.microscope-microscope.org/basic/microscope-parts.htm 40.http://www.din.de/en 41.DEVEC °, D.D.E., M °KROSKOP ÇEÃ…Å ¾Ã‚ °TLER ° ÇALIÃ…Å ¾MA PRENS °PLER °. 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Primary Education in Turkey, Morocco, Egypt, Greece, and the United States :: Essays Papers

Primary Education in Turkey, Morocco, Egypt, Greece, and the United States Throughout this program I have been confronted with many images and facts about primary education that I will not soon forget. The sounds of young Turkish children reciting "I am a Turk, I am strong"; the image of six year olds in Morocco learning to memorize the Qur'an before they can read or write; the idea of community schools in Egypt where students and parents learn together to benefit and bring prosperity to the community as a whole; and, finally, the idea that art is so important to Greek culture that it is one of the five major goals of primary education. These are all interesting things, they are all things I never would have expected to learn through this program, and they have made this topic and project more meaningful for me. I chose the topic of primary education not only because I am studying to be a teacher, but also because there are a lot of controversies and new ideas that are coming into American education currently, particularly the acts and ideas of No Child Lef t Behind, and I was curious to research how other countries were dealing with the same issues that we see in the educational system of the United States. I started my learning plan with the goals of seeing how primary education was structured in each of the countries we were visiting (Turkey, Morocco, Egypt, and Greece) both theoretically as well as how effective the actual practice of education was, to see what the situation regarding the primary education of girls was in each of the countries and what differences existed in the education of the two genders, to find out the unique solutions each country had found for their own educational system that addressed their country's own specific challenges, to see the role that nationalism and religion played in the primary education of students in each of the countries, and finally to come to the grand finale of the purpose of primary education in each of the countries, to use that information to help me better understand primary educati on, and to compare these findings to the purpose of primary education in the United States. In my project today I plan to lay out seven aspects of primary education, explain how each of these aspects is carried out in the four countries we visited, and then to speak about how each aspect influences the cultures of Turkey, Morocco, Egypt, and Greece.

Fahrenheit 451 Ignorance

Rational ignorance is very similar to apathy, and by reading, we can rid ourselves of the urge to Just not care. Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451 attempts to warn readers of the price that comes with rational ignorance by creating an example society much like our own. This society has given up all intellectual thought and sharing of ideas. By â€Å"paying the price† characters like Mildred give up the human experience and become void due to lack of independent thoughts. Characters like Clarisse pay a much higher toll: life and dignity.Characters like Guy Montag and Granger pay the price by being surrounded with nothings but Mildreds. In F451 , society believes that limiting education and sharing of ideas actually enhances life by excluding bad thoughts. In Ray Bradburys dystopian future, every character pays the price for ignorance. Most characters, though, willingly and unknowingly do so. In the novel, life is not valued the way it should be; living is not meaningful anymore. In the very beginning of the book, Mildred tries to kill herself for, what seems like, no reason. This happens so often that technicians are sent to speedily fix he problem rather than doctors.After the technicians do their duty to Mildred, her parlor â€Å"uncle† states mvyell, after all, this is the age of disposable tissue. Blow your nose on a person, wad them, flush them away, reach for another, blow, wad, flush† (17). Even after the ordeal, Mildred is not upset that she failed in taking her own life, as if indifferent to the subject. For her, life is no different than death. Mildred's â€Å"uncle† is correct in comparing a modern day person to a tissue. People have worth based on their thoughts, actions, and relations with people. If one has no houghts, real actions, or connections, their life cannot be worth very much.Mildred has as many independent thoughts as a tissue and values her life precisely for how much it is worth. In the same sense, one cannot value another's life if they cannot value their own. When Guy confronts Mildred about where Clarisse McClellan has been, Mildred nonchalantly says she died, as if it did not matter. Mildred shows that Clarisse's death means nothing to her when her reasoning for net telling Montag sooner was I forgot all about it† (47). Mildred says that she wants to forget sad things, but it does ot seem like this event makes her very sad at all. Mildred's fickle mind cannot assess a tragedy.It was not a surprise that Mildred did not pay heed to her death, but that she died with nothing to show for her life. The multitude of suicides, mentioned earlier, are no tragedies considering the quality of the life being taken. Clarisse's death was unfortunate because she lived. To Clarisse, there was a large difference between life and death because she, unlike her peers, experienced life. Comparable to Clarrise's death, the death of the random citizen (who seems to enjoy life too; he as on a stroll at nigh t) killed in place of Montag (149) suffered a similar fate of no dignity after death.Intellectuals like Montag, Granger, and all ot the travellers who memorize books pay by being surrounded by an endless amount of Mildreds. After introducing himself and showing Montag the end of the manhunt, Granger explains, When we were separate individuals, all we had was rage. I struck a fireman when he came to burn my library years ago. IVe been running ever since† (150). Granger bridges his own experiences to Montags to illustrate Montags future. Granger is far too wise to be bitter about his situation.When intellectuals have no choice but to either suffer amongst the ignorant or outcast themselves, they are the ones who pay the most. Ignorance is most certainly not a satisfying path, but neither is a life of suffering. Not one character in Bradburys controversial novel escapes the price of ignorance. However, the payment methods differ from character to character. â€Å"Ignorance is vo id† should become a popular saying for in the midst of ignorance, one either becomes empty or outcast. Either way, no one wins. Ridding the world of complex, â€Å"painful† thoughts does not lessen pain, it lessens emotion and human experience.

Anarchy essays

Anarchy essays Anarchism seems to be defined many ways by many different sources. Most dictionary definitions define anarchism as the absence of government. A leading modern dictionary, Webster's Third International Dictionary, defines anarchism briefly but accurately as, "a political theory opposed to all forms of government and governmental restraint and advocating voluntary cooperation and free association of individuals and groups in order to satisfy their needs." Other dictionaries describe anarchism with similar definitions. The Britannica-Webster dictionary defines the word anarchism as, "a political theory that holds all government authority to be unnecessary and undesirable and advocates a society based on voluntary cooperation of individuals and groups." William Godwin was the first proclaimed anarchist in history and the first to write about anarchism. Godwin published a book called Political Justice in 1793 which first introduced his ideas about anarchism, Godwin was forgotten about, however, and after his death Pierre Joseph Proudhon became a leading anarchist figure in the world. His book What is Property? incorporated greater meaning to the word anarchism; anarchism became not only a rejection of established authority but a theory opposing ownership of land and property as well. Anarchism fully blossomed as a defined theory when Russian anarchists Mikhail Bakunin (1814-1876) and Peter Kropotkin (1842-1921) started to write and speak. Bakunin had a major influence in the world and introduced anarchism to many people. Kropotkin was one of the many people inspired by Bakunin. Kropotkin wrote many books on anarchism, including Muitual Aid, Fields Factories and Workshops, and The Conquest of Bread, and greatly aided in the evolution of the theory of anarchism. As the 20th century emerged anarchism began to peak and the definition of anarchism became concrete with the growth of new anarchist writers and movements. The exec...

“Anthem For A Doomed Youth” By Wilfred Owen Essay Essays

â€Å"Anthem For A Doomed Youth† By Wilfred Owen Essay Essays â€Å"Anthem For A Doomed Youth† By Wilfred Owen Essay Essay â€Å"Anthem For A Doomed Youth† By Wilfred Owen Essay Essay Essay Topic: Anthem â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† is an lament in which Wilfred Owen conveys his bosom felt unhappiness and disgust for the loss of life in World War I. This verse form shatters the fantasized images of war by juxtaposing the opposite universes of world and the romanticized rhetoric that distorts it. He writes about the true experience of military decease. and efficaciously expresses these powerful sentiments in merely 14 lines by usage of a slightly violent imagination that is compounded by the changeless comparing of world to myth. The verse form is intriguingly entitled. â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth. † Get downing with the rubric. Owen places his words into a context that contrasts with his message. An anthem is normally a loyal vocal of a group of people. state. or state as a agency to honour it. such as in the National Anthem. An anthem is a vocal that is supposed to raise up feelings of jingoism. and love for one’s state or group. Here in America. our National Anthem particularly reminds us of the soldier. who is invariably juxtaposed with the image of the† Star Spangled Banner† . The National Anthem is thought to be something that is synonymous with congratulations for one’s state and support of its military personnels. For Owen to call his verse form â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† implies that those Doomed Youth have no other anthem to honour them. Owen is stating that the experience of the deceasing young person is non the 1 that is conveyed in the National Anthem. His statement is that his verse form expresses the true sentiment of the deceasing young person of war. In the first sentence. Owen begins depicting what he views as the reliable image of war by usage of an attention-getting analogy. This analogy postulates that the young person who are being massacred are deceasing like cowss. This is such a dramatic phrase because cowss unrecorded and decease the worst of lives. Cattles are bred merely for mass slaughter. and decease is inevitable for them. They are kept in confined topographic points. frequently surrounded by fencings and barbed wire. Cattle are besides considered to hold no intent in life except to function and nourish others. It is clear that this comparing of deceasing soldiers to cattle is non a blandishing one. and it is a comparing that would non be given by an advocator of war. It is in direct resistance to the description of heroism and award that comes frontward from the romanticized description of soldiers. Owen places this dramatic analogy at the terminal of a rhetorical inquiry that he himself answers in the following fe w lines. The inquiry that Owen asks is. â€Å"What go throughing bells for these who die as cowss? † The passing bells refer to the bells that are tolled after someone’s decease to denote that decease to the universe. Owen says that unlike a funeral emanation the lone things that announce the decease of these soldiers are the sounds of the instruments that killed them. He answers his opening inquiry by stating that the lone bells that are tolled are the unerasable sounds of war and decease. When depicting those sounds of war. Owen undertakings upon the reader the evil interests of war through words like â€Å"monstrous. † â€Å"anger. † and â€Å"rattle. † These are words that give the reader a gustatory sensation of fright. and a sense of repeating solitariness. The 2nd stanza continues in its comparison of the sounds and images of a funeral emanation to the sounds and images of a battleground. He uses graphic words to demo the abrasiveness of war in this stanza merely as he did in the first stanza. However. in the 2nd stanza. Owen focuses on imagination of unhappiness and compunction instead than evil and horror. Owen seems to be consecutive depicting the jobs with the war in the first eight lines. First. he ingrains on the reader the sights and sounds of the battleground. Then. he expresses the after effects of sorrow and unhappiness. For illustration. the 2nd stanza contains the words â€Å"mourning. † â€Å"wailing. † â€Å"bugles. † â€Å"sad. † and â€Å"shires. † all marks and descriptions of compunction. The concluding six brakes off greatly from the remainder of the verse form. The first two stanzas usage heavy imagination to exemplify the horrors of war. and the solitariness that accompanies it. The stanzas plaint over the fact that the soldiers die a decease of amour propre. and are non remembered. The words that are used are really rough and acidic in that they leave the reader with a feeling of the bloodshed and loss. The last stanza is more melancholic and brooding in its words than the old two. And unlike the first two stanzas. the inquiry that introduces them is answered in a manner that leaves the reader with some type of consolation. This feeling of hope in the six is culminated in the last lines of the stanza. demoing that the male childs will be remembered by some. Owen’s sobering imagination is greatly empowered through his apposition of conflicting thoughts of war. Another illustration of this is his arranging the verse form into a sonnet. Sonnets are usually written about subjects of love and love affair. Owen wrote about decease and disenfranchisement. The usage of the word â€Å"anthem† in the rubric adds to this manner every bit good. An anthem is normally a superficial. wellbeing. cockamamie vocal. This anthem is sad. gloomy. and somber. This use of sarcasm gives the verse form a flooring consequence by boxing the text of the verse form in the signifier of a sonnet and anthem while the verse form has a message that is antithetical to those two genres. This apparently self-contradictory attack makes the reader experience the power of Owen’s constructs because those constructs are so strongly contrasted by conflicting images.

Identify how a UK company could convince shareholders and the Essay

Identify how a UK company could convince shareholders and the regulator that it had complied with the five main principles of the UK Corporate Governance Code - Essay Example More importantly, their neutrality and lack of vested bias should be illustrated their lack of previous/present personal/professional connections. By satisfactorily adhering to this principle, a UK company can convince shareholders and the regulator about its compliance with the Code. The second main principle relates to executive remuneration. The growing discontent with the trend of exorbitant top-executive compensation has brought the issue to the notice of Financial Reporting Council. Consequently, the principle of ‘performance related pay’ is included in the Code, whereby the rules already stated in the Companies Act of 2006 will be enacted more effectively. The principle also suggests the ideal composition of the remuneration committee, where non-executive directors will play a major role, especially in ascertaining director remuneration. Another key principle set out in the Code is Accountability and Audit standards. It is suggested that only independent non-executive directors are appointed to the Audit Committee. This makes sense in the context of some major corporate scandals across the Atlantic, where conflict of interest for members of the audit committee can lead to disastrous consequences for shareholders. The fourth main principle concerns the role played by institutional investors. The salience of this principle arises from the fact that the UK is a major financial hub in the world and ethical investment/trading practices are imperative to uphold the integrity of the system. Hence all companies (especially those in the financial sector) in the UK should comply with the guidelines given in the Code. Finally, another key principle in the Code is regarding shareholder relations. Under this section, best practices and recommendations for maintaining a strong and honest relationship with shareholders are given. The principle has at its core the need for shareholders

Supply chain management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Supply chain management - Coursework Example In this reference, this paper endeavors to identify the problems faced by the corporative foods it its supply chain management and the competitors in the products and services they deal in (Good, & Schultz, 2000). Corporative food is a UK based firm that specializes in the Supply chain management of food products. Some of the features the company boasts of are the wide range of food products they deal in to the efficiency, modernity, and ethical consideration that are put into place before their products are dispatched (Steers, Runde, & Nardon, 2010). Notwithstanding, the company is also faced with a plethora of problems. The major challenge being increasing its customer base, this is following the realization of a fall in the profit margin by 0.2% in the last financial year (Paley, 2005). The company has therefore decided to undergo major reformation in a move to restore the company back to its initial market base. The fall in the profit margin is attributed to the aggressive compet itors who have fiercely invaded the cooperative market strongholds. Some of the worthy competitors in the market includes; Big bear, Foo Go, and Sara’s Kitchen (Miletsky, & Smith, 2009). ... ered; Features and Benefits of the Product The company has decided to make their products unique in quality and other features like packaging as well as opening more of their branches to trap extra market (Sears, 2003). Most of the products of the company are natural and organic nature, this is a move is seen to be able to attract more customers on grounds that they are mindful about health. In reference to this, the company also has sought several product certification bodies to build confidence of the customers on their products (Kangas, 2003). Price The company has also considered reducing the cost of production, transportation and other logistics to retail their products cheaper than the competitors have. This they perceive will give them a clear cutting age over the cutthroat competition that the competitors have mounted (Hoppe, 2001). Brand Name recognition One of the major ways of piecing through the market is creation of a brand name. The brand name creation involves consiste nt marketing coupled with entering into alliances with other cooperatives (Hertog, & Huizenga, 2000). This is what cooperative company has sought. They have engaged several other related cooperative to create a wide range of awareness of their products. In all this efforts, the company is keeping a vigil eye on the progress and response to the laid strategies (Abrams, & Kleiner, 2003). Interrelationship Stages The company has embraced the interrelationship of marketing their products by associating with other relevant companies to promote them (Vollmann, 2005). This in itself is a good move as long as the other body consents to the deal. It is also important in this case to ascertain the public perception on the company, this is because is it has a dwindling opinion form the public; it is

Perceptual Deficits and the Inability To Receive Sensory Information Essay

Perceptual Deficits and the Inability To Receive Sensory Information - Essay Example Besides enabling inter-hemispheric interaction, the corpus callosum has also been demonstrated to be essential in the process of attention1. From the hemispheres, the lateral geniculate bodies relay sensory signals to the occipital lobes, which is the primary visual cortex. Here, an initial analysis of the image is done and the composed image of the retinal signal is sent to higher centers of processing for further interpretation (Glickstein p.118-127). Although, perception can also be achieved by olfaction, audition as well as visual, each of this sensory information follows different modalities. Visual perception can be object of space, face (with the involvement of internal factors), or top-down perceptional operations in identifying objects in varying perspectives (Cabeza, 1997). Each of these tends to activate different sub sections of the brain functions. For instance, Cabeza (1997), explained that object occipito-parietal pathways, while top-down perceptual processing (i.e. when objects are in varying and unusual views) involves frontal, parietal and anterior cingulated regions. Furthermore, object processing is said to be left lateralized, while face processing tend to be right lateralized or bilateral (Cabeza, 1997a). Cabeza (1997b), argue that perception and at times, identification also depend, to a large extent, on the retrieval of information relevant in the particular perception. Bruner (1970), believes that memory and perception cannot be separated. Along this line, Begley et al (1986) explained that the brain could store huge amount of information with different areas storing facts, such as names, images and events, necessary for perception and identification (p.48-54). In this regard, Cabeza (1997b) said the prefrontal lobe play a crucial role in retrieving stored information, while the right inferior parietal cortex is involved in recognition and recall. The cerebellum, traditionally believed to play just motor cortex functions has been demonstrated to be involved in cognition (intelligence, processing speed, cognitive learning skills, visual spatial processing, recall etc) and perceptual functions (1997b). Such is the complexity of the human brain functioning involved with processing sensory information, perception and identification. Some of the most compelling evidences for the functional neuroanatomical divisions of the brain functions involved with perception and processing sensory signals have been provided by patients with specific cognitive impairments following localized brain injury (Aguirre and Mark, 1999). Over the last century several dozens of patients have been reported to exhibit inability to carry out one cognitive function or the other. Such impairments have varied widely depending enormously on the part of the brain concerned and the function carried out by that part of the brain. This has engaged the minds of several researchers,

Attributes of a Good Dancer Essay Example for Free

Attributes of a Good Dancer Essay Describe the attributes of a good dancer. Discuss ways of improving each of these skills in a suitable training programme: (20 marks) A good dancer should have a range of attributes, which they use on a daily basis and in all their work. One of the first attributes of a dancer is having the correct alignment and posture. Posture is the position in which you hold your body upright against gravity whilst standing, sitting or lie in positions where the least strain is places on supporting muscles and ligaments. Whilst alignment in dance refers to the posture and position of the body while dancing or preparing to dance. Having correct body alignment improves the posture, muscle tone and length of performing career of dancers. Good posture is used during ballet and contemporary dance mainly as its helps create better balance with little strain on the on your ligaments and muscles as possible. Alignment also improves a dancer’s balance and therefore is an important attribute of a good dancer and it also increases levels of agility and can reduce chances of causing an injury. To improve your alignment and posture as a dancer you can practise dancing with the correct posture and body alignment and over time you will become use to it and more comfortable doing so. Train to sit up properly and not hunched over when at home for example whilst eating or watching television; this way you’ll eventually be able to do it without thinking whilst dancing so it will come naturally. You can also do exercises at home or incorporated into your dance warm-ups/cool-downs so you can gradually improve on your technique. An example of a exercise you could do at home in your spare time is to sit on a chair, lift your chest and straighten your shoulders. Move your head back as though you are trying to touch an imaginary wall with the back of your head. Hold this position for ten seconds, relax and repeat up to eight times. As you progress with this exercise try and do it up to three time a day and to improve even more and wider the benefits to other parts of your body you could carry out this exercise sitting on an exercise ball instead of a sturdy chair so you would strengthen your core muscles as well as improving your posture and alignment. Another attribute of a good dancer is to have all round high levels of skill related fitness. This includes agility, balance, co-ordination, power, reaction time and speed. Agility is the ability to change the position of the body quickly and to control the movement of your whole body. To improve this in training you could create a dance phrase which includes travel and changes of pathways and levels. Every dance class work on this phrase and progressively make it more difficult therefore improving your agility as a dancer. Balance is the ability to maintain the point of balance over the centre of gravity and you can develop this by focusing time on your technique; this may include arabesques, rond de jambe en’lair and pirouettes (using spotting technique). Co-ordination is the ability to use two or more body parts simultaneously this area of fitness can be improved during dance class by doing more complicated phrases as you progress. Power is the ability to do strength performances quickly and involves both strength and speed. Having a balanced and healthy diet is one of the most important attributes as not only can it improve you dancing it can have positive changes in your everyday life as well. By eating well between your dance classes/ training sessions and at home you will gradually see a change in your dancing as your body needs a high energy source for your stamina and other aspects of dance such as strength and power. There are six different food groups these include; carbohydrates, fats, protein, vitamins and minerals, water and fibre. Each of these groups plays an important role in your diet and nutrition as they each help do different things. Carbohydrates are stored in your muscles and liver as glycogen and they provide you with energy so you can do more activity in dance sessions with getting as tired quickly. Fats are stored all over the body in special fat cells; they also provide energy to a dancer but should be consumed in small amounts compared to the rest of the food groups. The third group protein is found in the muscles and organs; it is needed for growth and repair and therefore is important to a dancer in case they are get injured so they can recover quickly. Vitamins and minerals are stored all over the body and they are needed to increase the strength of your bones, which is highly important in dance as strong bones can prevent injury and means you can have better alignment. Water is another group making up the balanced diet and it is found all over the body seeing as 70% of your body is made up of water. It is a vital factor for the metabolic process and helps get rid of body waste, but most importantly in dance it helps you stay hydrated so you can perform to the best of your ability for longer periods of time. The final group is fibre, it is not stored in the body but passes through; we need it for our intestines to function (mainly the colon) and for our digestive system. As a dancer you should have a good and wide range of knowledge of the mus cles in the body and the body’s anatomy; this way you’ll be able to understand the more technical side of dance and the different ranges of movement and will eventually improve your dancing skills. An attribute of a good dancer is spending time researching the different joints and what they do movement wise, as there is more to dance than just the actions performed. By practising good and safe techniques in class from the knowledge they learn, it will help prevent injury of the dancer. Having high levels of dance fitness is also an attribute of a good dancer; these include cardiovascular fitness, strength, muscular endurance and flexibility. Cardiovascular fitness is the ability to exercise the whole body for long periods of time. Strength is the amount of force you can put forth with your muscles. Muscular endurance is the ability to use the muscles, which are attached to the bones, many times without getting tired and can improve your posture. Finally flexibility is the ability to use your joints fully. You are flexible when the muscles are long enough and the joints are free enough to allow movement. You can improve all of these in training sessions/dance classes by focusing on your fitness in warm-ups. An example of a warm-up you could do before a dance lesson could be doing five shuttle runs, twenty plie’s in second, twenty parallel squats followed by twenty crunches and then holding a twenty second plank and doing this three times. You can adjust this warm up as you progress by increasing the amount of times you do a certain activity or how long you hold the plank. You can also make it harder for example doing the plank on one foot for twenty seconds and then on the other foot for twenty seconds. This whole warm up covers every aspect involves in dance fitness and the more you complete it the fitter you will gradually become. Good dancers also have spent a long time improving their performance skills during dance practise and doing lots of rehearsal until they get it right. The performance skills they work on are focus, projection, style and musicality. Focus is the use of the eyes and where you direct them during different aspects of the dance whilst doing certain movemen ts. For example if you were doing an arm circle above your head you would direct your focus to the arm, it helps the audience interpret the qualities of the dance and draws their attention to the most important parts of the movement. Projection is when a dancer gives out a certain type of energy from the body, this gives the movement a noticeable quality, and you exaggerate certain actions more than others, making a movement obvious and stand out. An example of projection would be a lunge to your right with an out stretched arm reaching to the end of your kinesphere. Style is the individual features of a choreography or performance that make us recognise a certain dancer’s performance and personal interpretation. A good dancer will spend rehearsal time practising certain movements of their style to make it original and fit them by doing this you can improve your dance performance. Musicality is how a dancer is able to perform in a relation to the music, so say if they’re is a climax in the music they would create a climax in their dance to fit this. They may also do contrasting movements compared to the music or do movements with similar or matching dynamics. This will fit into you training programme by including them every time you dance so they will eventually come naturally to you and you will do them all the time without realising. To conclude good dancers have a wide range of attributes which they use all the time to get to a high level of performance in dance. These include attributes which now they subconsciously use from great practise and ones which they have to constantly work on and keep up to a good/high standard for example diet and health.

Abortion :: essays research papers

Abortion has been one of this country's most controversial topic on hand. But if one sees the constitutional infringement to women by the restriction of abortion, the torment to the unwanted child and the anguish society has to sustain,then this topic would not be so debatable. Too many people do not see the cause and effect of not being able to have abortions. All human beings are given some inalienable right guaranteed by the Constitution. One of those privilege is the right to pursue happiness. A baby can sometimes disrupt a woman's pursuit of happiness. Even if she decides to give it up for adoption, she still has the burden of carrying the fetus for nine months. Having the option to perform an abortion can solve that obstacle. Taking away this right would be invading on a woman's constitutional liberty. The unwanted child also suffers. Most of the time the mother of the unwanted child is very young and inexperienced or too poor to take care of the child. The child is usually malnourished, has no medical care, and gets very little attention or love. The foster care system isn't any better. Only a small percentage of the children are adopted by suitable parents. But the rest remain in the foster care system, where there is little or no personal care. In both cases, the child has a poor education because of the lack of attention and discipline. He grows up to be unproductive individual or a menace to society. Many get involved in drugs and crimes. These individuals are also very violent, lacking morality due small amount of care they received themselves. In the long run, not only does the child suffer but also society, who has to tolerate his violent

A New Life :: Personal Narrative Divorce Family Essays

A New Life After about eight years of my mother’s searching to replace the love once received from my father and my hopes of my parents getting back together, she fell in love with someone new, shattering all my hopes. Assuming this new love wanted to replace my father, I put up an emotional wall. Eventually, this wall crumbled down when I realized that my parents were happier apart than when they were together. Even though my mother and father no longer had a relationship, the one between my mother and me matured drastically. This occurred after I finally accepted that she, too, needed love, a love that her children alone could not give her. After my parents divorced, my mother became lonely. Finally, she decided to start dating. My mother had never really dated before my parents got married, so it seemed rough at first. For the first time, my mother relied on me for approval. I took on the parental role and, therefore, terminated any unapproved relationships, since her date could end up as my new father. I finally decided to introduce her to one of my friend’s fathers of whom I did approve. I had no intention of them getting married. I just wanted her to date someone who would treat her right and I knew he would. As time passed, they began to see more and more of each other and I noticed a drastic change in my mother’s attitude. She began acting like a teenager. She even got that giggle that girls get when they get a crush. I felt positively overjoyed at seeing my mother like this. About two months after they began dating, she came home late one night and said she had a surprise for us. My sister and I continued to play our Nintendo game not thinking anything of the surprise she had mentioned. However, our game of computerized Monopoly came to a sudden end. I could not believe what I was hearing. After only two months of dating, my mother and Mike started talking about marriage. My mind went blank and I could not even get out congratulations. Apparently assuming I disapproved, my mother stormed out of the room, angered and hurt. She avoided me the next day, unsure of what to say to me. The following day after school I remained in my room. My mother brought Mike over to talk with me.

Avon in Global Market

Avon in Global Market in 2009: Managing and Developing a Global Workforce 3. Since 70 percent of Avon’s revenues are generated outside of US, what recommendations would you provide to the company regarding dealing with a culturally diverse workforce and a multicultural marketplace in the coming years? In order to deal with this kind of diversity Avon’s Human Resource Management should focus on hiring and training local workforce to deal with local markets.By doing so, the labor force already knows the culture and social situation on each specific market, and training should be focused on developing/improving an organizational culture on the hired workforce to implement the global view and work ability according to the business strategy of the company. When doing so, Avon could lower costs on training to reduce the cultural shock (area studies, culture assimilators, language training, and field experiences) .In order to manage their workforce its important to improve the transnational management skills, which could be done with an expatriation program that results in training and developing fewer workforce but at a higher rank. This kind of structure requires a very complex use of information. Gathering important local information on each market could help the organization develop and set up business, not only before entering but also after beginning operations so that the program ends up being successful. . Avon’s future global expansion is contingent on hiring and retaining the best workforce and salespeople in the global market. What training and cross-cultural practices would you recommend to the company to deal with this area? Avon should focus on training the workforce, learning content and skills to improve interactions with host country individuals by reducing the culture shock by easing the adjustment to the new environment.The training practices that we think are vital to deal with global expansion are area studies, culture assimil ators, and language training before sending the workforce, but its really important to think of the training received once the expatriate arrives to the country, the sensitivity and field experiences may be the difference in succeeding. Along with culture sensitiveness we think it may be an option to look after motivation and loyalty, ethical standards, customer relationship and building an organizational skill training as well.

Event Marketing Plan How To Make Sure Yours Is Perfect

Event Marketing Plan How To Make Sure Yours Is Perfect If an event happens and nobody hears about it, did it really happen? Maybe thats not the philosophical question of the decade, but its a good one for content marketers to ask. Id hazard a guess that if not very many people heard about the event, it didnt really happen. Everything You Need To Know For The Perfect #EventMarketing Plan via @JulieNeidlingerWhy Hold An Event? Planning and hosting an event is a lot of work, and it may not seem worth the effort. You have enough going on with your blog, your social media, and all of the various content marketing efforts that help build your audience. Events, though, are one of the few ways you actually get personal  with your audience. This does two things: Your audience sees you as a person.  Events are a good way for you to connect to your readers in a human way. Your audience gets to meet others like them.  Events  can almost be a reward for a great audience, providing an event or venue where they can meet others with the same interests as them. Why is it important that people see you as people? Conversation and engagement online is one thing, but as every politician knows, you have to get out and meet the people.  Meeting people face-to-face increases loyalty to you, your message, and your brand. It removes that invisible layer that somehow allows people to say and do things online that they'd never do in person. And, while I'm sure your audience isn't made of trolls, that still allows for them to dismiss you easier than if they knew you in real life. If the research is true, and 90% of how we communicate is through non-verbal communication  like gestures and vocal quality,  a face-to-face meeting is more powerful than any blog post you'll ever write. 90% of how we communicate is non-verbal. That's why face-to-face is so  powerful.So an event strengthens the bonds between members of your audience, and it strengthens their loyalty to you. 4 Elements Of A Simple  Event Marketing Plan We make a planning app, so of course, we're going to tell you that the first thing you need to do is some serious planning. But that's not just prejudice talking- you need to plan your marketing for your event as much as you plan for things like venue, speakers, and catering. Think of your event as if it is the core of an apple. All of that stuff that surrounds it is pretty important for the person consuming it. An apple with only a core is an event without a marketing plan. No one reaches for an apple core  just like  no one comes to an event without the marketing that brought them there. Marketing your event is the only way to get people to show up. #eventmarketing1. Start by asking broad questions. Let's start with a few questions that you and your team can ask to get the ideas flowing in your initial planning meeting. You should have the planning and marketing team present. Order the answers you collect based on the most important or the most likely: What's the story behind your event? What is the theme behind your event? Why are you holding the event? Who do you hope will come? Who do you think will really come? What is the value of this event for those that will come? Is this event more important to us than to our audience? What do you hope people will take with them when the event is over? Will this event make your attendees' lives better? How will you know if your event is a success? What is the measurement? What is the most wildly amazing success that could happen from this event? What kind of budget is there for each team to work with? There is a subtle thread running through these questions: Are you planning an event because you need it, or because your audience needs it? The latter is the best choice, but either might be a reality. Are you planning an event because you need it, or because your audience needs it?It's not enough to start your planning with the idea of "we're going to have a few speakers  and a good brunch" and call it good. You must start with a broad understanding of the goal of the event. It's hard to create fantastic event marketing around the choice of fruit at the buffet. 2. Confirm details and lay out a budget. The budget. Never a sexy thing for most of us. But, after you've gotten a better understanding of the event, you need to create a budget before doing anything else. The event planners have (hopefully) been hard at work lining up everything from venue to speakers to  giveaways. You should now have an idea of: Date and/or  time Location Speakers Event format Even if these kinds of details aren't fully locked down, the marketing team should have enough to  get started on their marketing plan. And a marketing plan starts with a budget. You must not  proceed without a budget. It's tempting to get wrapped up in the excitement of what content you'll create, but a budget needs to be in place first. Planning #eventmarketing without a budget is like planning an  event without speakers. It's not...You must  know how much your marketing team is able to spend before you can plan your marketing approach. Without a budget, you could end up dumping a lot of money on huge glossy banners  and leaving very little for  other kinds of content marketing that might work better with those who are attending. 3.  Create a dedicated website and social accounts for your event. Let's start with the one piece of content that your event should have no matter what: a dedicated website. Your event (especially one that is a recurring event) should have its own Web page. It's better to send people to a website solely for the event rather than a page buried elsewhere in your site. Content Marketing World, from Content Marketing Institute, has a website to market their event. You should have a simple website for your event, too. If you follow these tips, your site might even be better than Content Marketing World's. If you aren't able to do this, at least consider a landing page with a custom domain name pointing to it. According to Orbit Media's Andy Crestodina, this dedicated website should have: Copy. You'll need, of course, compelling copy describing the event. And that compelling copy, of course, needs to somehow  tell the vital details of when, where, and what. Curation. All of the pre-event content should be curated in one place. Collect the social feeds, or use an app like Twubs to pull together all of the Tweets with your event's hashtag(s). Make it easy for those who find your site to get involved promoting it on social media. Speakers. Images and bios of the speakers who will  be at the event. You could even post videos of brief interviews of the speakers if you really wanted your attendees to get a feel for what their message is. Registration. Prominent registration button, making it super easy to register. Social proof. You need a way to display social proof. In other words, if you are getting some social buzz surrounding your event, it should be displayed prominently on your site. In a way, it's a bit like testimonials for how awesome the event is going to be. Along with a dedicated website, you should also have dedicated social accounts. While it's fine if your brand tweets and publishes content about the event, you should have separate accounts, too. Why? Your audience can reach out to you with questions easier. You can follow people with the event social accounts and make that part of your publicity efforts. Your tweets and posts won't get lost in other brand messages in news feeds and on your profile pages. It is easier to curate pre-event social content because the content is all in one account. It's also easier to measure the success of your social media plan because there is only event-related content present. You get twice the exposure, once on your brand account, and another on your dedicated account. Create a dedicated website and social media accounts as part of your event marketing plan.Your event matters. Give it its own Web and social media properties. It deserves that much. 4.  Plan the 3  major points of attack with 2  types of event content. Your event content marketing plan has three major points of attack: pre-event, during the event, and post-event. The content you create for each of those points is slightly different. There are also two kinds of content marketing that surround an event: informative and buzz. Let's take a look. Informative event content marketing tells attendees what they need to know. This might include information on registration  and deadlines, or sharing informative blog posts. If you notice a common questions popping up from attendees, you can answer it. This isn't "sexy" content, but it is useful content, and it's the information people need to know. Buzz event content marketing is self-explanatory. It's all about building the buzz and excitement for the event. It helps increase word-of-mouth, and its goal is to get more people to register for the event. This might include hints and event surprises  or  giveaways of event schwag. If you've planned a hashtag or other community-generated content idea around your event, that content fits here. Both of these event content types can be used by the three major points of attack. Pre-event content marketing happens long before the event happens. You have to get this one right. Before the event happens, your content marketing must: Let your audience know about your event. Get them excited enough to register and tell others. Keep your audience updated on the event so they feel in the know. Help your audience remain excited about the event. It's tough to keep the energy level of people up, but your event content marketing really needs to do that. During the event, your content marketing takes on a kind of "live reporter" feel. You're keeping both the event attendees informed, as well as those who are following along back home. And, you are still keeping the buzz alive. Even though many of your followers might not have made it to the event, you're still building buzz for future events. It's important to post social content throughout the event featuring inspirational quotes from speakers, photos of the fun everyone is having, and so on. Post-event content marketing is the one most content marketers forget. We all need a bit of closure, especially if your event is going to happen repeatedly. This is your chance to get testimonials or collect social posts that are enthusiastic about  your event. Reach out to attendees on social media. Thank them for coming. Ask their opinions on the event. Post some buzz content from the event, and hint at the next event. Share downloads, videos, and helpful related content that both attendees and non-attendees find useful.